These are illustrated in the below examples: Phrases or words such as “for more information, see,” “see,” and “e.g.,” can also be used in parenthetical citations. If you want to add any additional information in a parenthetical citation, provide the information after the year with a comma as a separator. It was concluded to release the oil and natural gas industry guidelines (IPIECA, 2007). It is argued that education for women is important to develop a nation (Sivasankar, 2007). In parenthetical citations, a comma separates the author from the publication year. Parenthetical citations are used when both the name of the author or the organization and the year of publication appear inside parenthesis. Notice that only the publication year is enclosed in parenthesis for narrative citations. IPIECA (2007) released the oil and natural gas industry guidelines. Sivasankar (2007) argues that education for women is important to develop a nation. This type of citation is used when the name of the author or the organization and the year of publication are incorporated into the text and act as a part of the sentence. Parenthetical citations Narrative citation There are two types of in-text citations:

You must choose the appropriate type depending upon how you construct your sentence. However, it is not necessary to follow the same type of citation throughout the paper. Two types of in-text citations are used in APA style. Publication year Types of in-text citationsĪPA citation follows the author–date system. To provide in-text citations, you must have the following two important elements: They are used in the text to indicate to the reader that complete information of the citations referred to is available in the reference list, which will enable the reader to locate or access the sources being cited. In-text citations are a brief version of citations that are used to provide information about the sources being referred to by the author.

Apa citation apa format example